The best way to “read” the DNA code might be to “rewrite” it and see what changes take place in cells as a result. A Weizmann Institute study proposes a way of effectively introducing numerous DNA segments into the genomes of living cells and testing the effects of these changes. This fast method will significantly advance scientists' ability to understand the “language” of DNA, which, among other things, will help explain the genetic differences among people. Thus, for example, it might be possible to clarify which genetic differences are responsible for the development of various diseases in certain individuals. The Weizmann Institute technology can also lead to improved genetic therapies based on introducing new genes or improved regulatory sequences into cells in order to repair genetic defects.

read more...

How do humans and animals grow limbs just the right size for their bodies? How do developing embryos keep everything in proportion as they grow? Weizmann Institute scientists have made significant strides in understanding how patterns stay in sync with size as an embryo or organism grows and develops. They conducted experiments on fruit flies, examining how their wings develop into an intricate, perfectly-proportioned network of veins. Their findings lend support to the model they developed proposing that it is the interaction between two substances – one that diffuses from the center of the developing embryo, and the second from its edges – that helps determine the correct proportions.

read more...

A Weizmann Institute study has revealed the mechanism responsible for causing Batten disease, a rare but fatal neurodegenerative disorder that begins in childhood. It turns out that the disease arises when a molecular “waste container” in the cell – meant to protect the cell from damage – “overflows.” The scientists discovered that a mutation in a specific gene affects the normal process of protein transport, and as a result, certain proteins accumulate abnormally in the lysosome, the cell's waste container. At some point the lysosome is filled beyond capacity; it then interferes with molecular signaling and other vital processes in the neuron, eventually killing the cell. These findings may lead, in the future, to methods to fight the deadly disease.

read more...